Rabu, 19 Maret 2014

Materi Toefl




 Nama  :Dyah Ayu Lestari
 NPM  :22211290
 Kelas :3eb09

Pengertian Toefl
   
TOEFL merupakan singkatan dari Test Of English as a Foreign LanguageTOEFL adalah standardisasi kemampuan bahasa inggris seseorang secara tertulis yang meliputi tiga aspek penguasaan: Listening, Writingdan Reading.

Tujuan Test TOEFL

TOEFL memiliki dua tujuan umum yaitu: Academic dan General
  1. Tujuan akademik TOEFL adalah untuk tujuan pendidikan, penelitian atau yang berhubungan dengan kegiatan akademis di luar negeri, ataupun di Indonesia. Untuk paska sarjana, biasanya nilai minimal adalah 550 sedangkan untuk S1 adalah 500.
  2. Tujuan umum (general) pada umumnya digunakan dalam bidang pekerjaan, kenaikan pangkat atau tugas kerja. Banyak perusahaan yang memasang standar bahasa inggris karyawannya dengan melihat nilai TOEFL. Umumnya, nilai TOEFL minimal adalah 500 untuk kenaikan pangkat standar.
SEJARAH dan TUJUAN TOEFL DI INDONESIA
TOEFL adalah singkatan dari Test Of English as a Foreign language. TOEFL merupakan sebuah test yang digunakan untuk mengetahui kemampuan seseorang dalam berbahasa Inggris. Test TOEFL berawal dari sebuah proyek ferguson yang digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan bahasa pegawai pemerintah dan mahasiswa. Sejak tahun 1960-an, tes TOEFL dikelola oleh Educational Testing Service (ETS), sebuah organisasi standar-pengujian internasional.
Tes TOEFL adalah merek dagang terdaftar dari Educational Testing Service (ETS) dan diberikan di seluruh dunia.Tes ini pertama kali diberikan pada tahun 1964 dan sejak itu telah diambil oleh lebih dari 23 juta siswa.
Tes ini awalnya dikembangkan di Pusat Linguistik Terapan dipimpin oleh ahli bahasa, Dr Charles A. Ferguson. Berbasis di Washington, DC, Pusat Linguistik Terapan (CAL) adalah sebuah organisasi nirlaba yang berkomitmen untuk meneliti hubungan antara bahasa dan budaya. Didirikan pada tahun 1959, direktur pertama adalah Charles A. Ferguson yang pernah diberikan program serupa di Timur Tengah di tahun 1921-1998 dan mengajar sebagai profesor di Universitas Harvard. Ferguson dipandu untuk mengembangkan solusi praktis untuk penerapan bahasa dan keprihatinan keaksaraan pemerintah internasional dan nasional.
Proyek awal Ferguson adalah untuk mengembangkan tes yang akan mengukur kemampuan berbahasa dimana bahasa Inggris merupakan bahasa kedua kepada mahasiswa dan pegawai pemerintah. Ferguson dan peneliti linguistik mengembangkan tes TOEFL selama lima tahun pertama.
Sejak akhir 1960-an, tes TOEFL telah dikelola oleh Educational Testing Service (ETS), sebuah lembaga standar pengujian internasional.Antara tahun 1964-2008, sebanyak 24 juta orang yang sebagian besar siswa internasional telah mengambil tes TOEFL.
Test TOEFL terdiri dari test membaca, menulis, mendengarkan dan berbicara. Dulu test TOEFL hanya berbasis tes kertas dan tes komputer, namun sejak tahun 2005 tes TOEFL beralih menjadi test berbasis internet yaitu TOEFL iBT.

Dyah ayu lestari,22211290,3eb09 - exercise


Exercise 21 : Conditional Sentences
1.       Henry talks to his dog as if it understood him.
2.       If they had left the house earlier, they were notso late getting to the airport that they could not check their baggage.
3.       If I finish the dress before Saturday, I willit to my sister for her birthday.
4.       If I had seen the movie, I would have told you about it last night.
5.       Had Bob not interfered in his sister’s marital problems, there were peace between them.
6.       He would give you the money if he hadit.
7.       I wish theycould stopmaking so much noise so that I could concentrate.
8.       She would call you immediately if sheneeded help.
9.       Had they arrived at the sale early, they would have found a better selection.
10.   We hope that youhad enjoythe party last night.
11.   If you have enough time, please paintedthe chair before you leave.
12.   We could go for a drive if  todaywereSaturday.
13.   If she wins the prize, it will be because she writevery well.
14.   Mike wished that the editorscould havehim to copy same of their material.
15.   Joel wishes that hecould have spenthis vacation on the Gulf Coast next year.
16.   Iwillif they invite me to the party.
17.   If  your mother buythat  car for you, will you be happy?
18.   If he had decidedearlier, he could have left on the afternoon flight.
19.   Had we know your address we would have writtenyou a letter.
20.   If the roofer doesn’t  come soon, the rainwouldinside.
21.   Because Rose did so poorly on the exam, she wishes that shehad studiedharder last night.
22.   My dog  always wakes me up if hehearstrange noises.
23.   If  youseeMarry today, please ask her to call me.
24.   If heget the raise, it will be because he does a good job.
25.   The teacher will not accept our walk if we turnit in late.
26.   Mrs. Wood always talks to her tenth-grade students as though they wereadults.
27.   If he had left already, he would have calledus.
28.   If they had know him, they would have talkedto him.
29.   He would understand it if you explainedit to him more slowly.
30.   I could understand the French teacher if she spokemore slowly.


Exercise 26 : Adjectives and Adverbs
1.       Rita plays the violin well.
2.       That is an  intense novel.
3.       The sun is shining  brightly.
4.       The girls speak  fluent French.
5.       The boys speak Spanish fluently.
6.       The table has a  smooth surface.
7.       We must figure our income tax return accturately.
8.       We don’t  like to drink bitter tea.
9.       The plane will arrive soon.
10.   He had an accident because he was driving too fast.


Exercise 27 : Linking (Copulative) Verbs
1.       Your could sounds terrible.
2.       The pianist plays very well.
3.       The food in restaurant always tastes good.
4.       The campers remained calm despite the thunderstorm.
5.       They became sick after eating the contaminated food.
6.       Professor Calandra looked quickly at the students’ sketches.
7.       Paco was working diligently on the project.
8.       Paul protested vehemently about the new proposals.
9.       Our neighbors appeared relaxed after their vacation.
10.    The music sounded too noisy to be classical.


Exercise 28 : Comparisons
1.       John and his friends left as soon as the professor had finished his lecture.
2.       His job is more important than his friend’s.
3.       He plays the guitar as well as Andres Segovia.
4.       A new house is much more expensive than an order one.
5.       Last week was as hot as this week.
6.       Martha is more talented than her cousin.
7.       Bill’s descriptions are less colorful than this wife’s.
8.       Nobody is happier than Maria Elena.
9.       The body felt more badly than the girls about losing the game.
10.   A greyhound runs faster than a Chihuahua.



Exercise 29 : Comparisons
1.       The Empire State Building is taller than the Statue of Liberty.
2.       California is farther from New York than Pennsylvania.
3.       His assignment is different from mine.
4.       Louie reads more quickly than his sisters.
5.       No animal is so big as King Kong.
6.       That report is less impressive than the government’s.
7.       Sam wears the same shirt as his teammates.
8.       Dave paints much more realistically than his professor.
9.       The twins have less money at the end of the month than they have at the beginning.
10.   Her sports car is different from Nancy’s.


Exercise 30 : Comparisons
1.       Of the four dresses, I like the red one best.
2.       Phil is the happiest person that we know.
3.       Pat’s car is faster than Dan’s.
4.       This is the creamest ice cream I have had in a long time.
5.       This poster is more colorful than the one in the hall.
6.       Does fred feel better today than he did yesterday?
7.       This vegetable soup tastes very good.
8.       While trying to balance the baskets on her head, the woman walked more awkwardly than her daughter.
9.       Jane is the least athletic of all the women.
10. My cat is the prettier of the two.
11. This summary is the best of the pair.
12. your heritage is different than mine
13. This painting is less impressive than the one in the other gallery.
14. The colder the weather gets sicker I feel.
15. No sooner had he received the letter when he called Maria.
16. A mink coat costs twice more than a sable coat.
17. Jim has as little opportunities to play tennis as I.
18. That recipe calls for much more sugar than mine does.
19. The museum is the farthest away of the three buildings.
20. Goerge Washington is more famous than John Jay.